Silvia Calderazzo, Denise Tavel, Marie-Gabrielle Zurich, Annette Kopp-Schneider
A paradigm shift is occurring in toxicology following the report of the National Research Council of the USA National Academies entitled “Toxicity testing in the 21st Century: a vision and strategy”. This new vision encourages the use of in vitro and in silico models for toxicity testing. In the goal to identify new reliable markers of toxicity, the responsiveness of different genes to various drugs (amiodarone: 0.312–2.5 μM; cyclosporine A: 0.25–2 μM; chlorpromazine: 0.625–10 μM; diazepam: 1–8 μM; carbamazepine: 6.25–50 μM) is studied in 3D aggregate brain cell cultures.